Effectiveness of Caprini risk assessment model in predicting deepvein thrombosis in patients with perioperative total hip arthroplasty

Objective: To explore the predictive effect of Caprini risk assessment model on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with perioperative total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: A total of 37 perioperative DVT patients who underwent THA in the Department of Spine and Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2019 to September 2022 were collected as the case group, and 148 patients who underwent THA without DVT in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group at a ratio of 1:4. According to the general data of patients, Caprini score was performed and the optimal risk classification was determined. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the clinical predictive efficacy of Caprini re-risk classification. Results: In the original Caprini risk classification, the DVT risks for THA patients categorized as moderate, high, and very high were 1.24 times, 4.67 times, and 5.53 times higher than those for low-risk patients respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Preoperative Caprini re-risk classification: the preoperative DVT risks for THA patients classified as high risk (4 points) and very high risk (≥5 points) were 9.30 times and 4.90 times higher than those for low-risk THA patients respectively, and these differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Postoperative Caprini rerisk classification: the postoperative DVT risks for THA patients classified as moderate risk (8-10 points), high risk (11-13 points), and very high risk (≥14 points) were 4.86 times, 102.00 times, and 25.50 times higher than those for low-risk THA patients with scores of 5-7 respectively, and all these differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The AUC of preoperative Caprini score in predicting DVT occurrence in THA patients was 0.74 (P＜0.05), with an optimal cutoff value of 2.5; while the AUC of postoperative Caprini score in predicting DVT occurrence in THA patients was 0.81 (P＜0.05), with an optimal cutoff value of 8.5. Conclusion: Reassessing the risk classification using the Caprini risk assessment model can effectively predict the perioperative DVT risks in THA patients.