Effect of the interaction between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and sex hormones on the risk of idiopathic central precocious puberty

Objective: To investigate the effect of the interaction between serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and sex hormones on the risk of idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP). Methods: A total of 100ICPP girls in the First People's Hospital of Wuhu from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected as the observation group, and another 100 healthy girls who underwent routine physical examination were selected as the control group. The baseline data, serum IGF-1 and sex hormones free thyroxine(FT4), luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol(E2), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) of the two groups were compared. The influencing factors of ICPP and the diagnostic efficacy of serum IGF-1 and sex hormones on ICPP were analyzed. Results: Bone age, serum IGF-1, LH, FSH and E2 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and breast development age was lower than that in the control group(all P＜0.05). Bone age, serum IGF-1, LH, FSH and E2 were risk factors for ICPP pathogenesis, and breast development age was a protective factor for ICPP pathogenesis(all P＜0.05). There was an interaction between serum IGF-1 and serum LH, FSH and E2 on the risk of ICPP(all P＜0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, serum IGF-1, LH, FSH and E2 all had influence on the incidence of ICPP(all P＜0.05). There were additive interactions between high levels of serum IGF-1 and LH, IGF-1 and FSH, IGF-1 and E2, and the risk of ICPP increased when exposed simultaneously. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC value) of the combined diagnosis of ICPP by serum IGF-1 with LH, FSH and E2 was 0.922(95% CI: 0.876-0.955), which was higher than the AUC predicted by each serum index alone(P＜0.05). Conclusion: Serum IGF-1, LH, FSH and E2 have an additive interaction in the risk of ICPP, and simultaneous exposure can increase the risk of ICPP.The combination of serum IGF-1, LH, FSH and E2 has high clinical value in predicting the risk of ICPP.