Abstract: New-quality talents serve as the key driver for promoting high-quality development across industries. Currently, China’s public health workforce faces a series of challenges including talent shortages, structural imbalances, and insufficient response capabilities. In this context, cultivating new-quality public health talents that meet the demands of public health services in the new era has become an urgent task to promote the high-quality development of public health initiatives. Therefore, this study will explore the connotations and characteristics of new-quality public health talents, conduct a demand analysis, identify the existing issues in talent cultivation, and propose corresponding strategies, so as to provide theoretical support for the cultivation of new-quality public health talents in China.