Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of parent-child communication on online gaming addiction in adolescents, to verify the serial mediation effects of loneliness and psychological resilience, and to investigate corresponding gender differences. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to recruit students in grades 7-9 from 14 prefecture-level cities and autonomous prefectures in Hunan Province for questionnaire surveys conducted from November to December 2022. The data were collected using a selfdeveloped parent-child communication questionnaire, the internet gaming disorder scale(IGDS), the 6-item University of California at Los Angeles loneliness scale(ULS-6), and the 2-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC-2). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlations among variables, and mediation analyses were performed to test the serial mediation effects of loneliness and psychological resilience, as well as gender differences. Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that both mother-child communication and father-child communication were positively correlated with psychological resilience, and negatively correlated with loneliness and online gaming addiction(P<0.001). Mediation analyses showed that mother-child communication had a significant direct effect on adolescent online gaming addiction(direct effect=-0.009, accounting for 65.04% of the total effect), whereas the direct effect of father-child communication was not significant. Both loneliness and psychological resilience exerted separate and serial mediation effects in the associations of mother-child communication and father-child communication with adolescent online gaming addiction. The total indirect effects of mother-child communication and father-child communication were both -0.005, accounting for 34.96% and 66.32% of the corresponding total effects, respectively. Significant gender differences were found in the serial mediation model of mother-child communication and father-child communication affecting adolescent online gaming addiction(P<0.05). Conclusion: Improving the quality of parent-child communication, reducing adolescents' loneliness, and enhancing their psychological resilience contribute to the prevention and intervention of adolescent online gaming addiction. Moreover, targeted intervention strategies should be tailored to adolescents' gender.