Abstract: Liver cancer is one of the malignant tumors with extremely high fatality rates worldwide. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and viral infections. With the rapid development of gene editing technology, gene-edited mouse liver cancer models have shown great potential in simulating liver cancer pathology, screening drug targets, and deeply exploring the pathogenesis. This study reviews the research progress of gene-edited mouse liver cancer models in recent years, covering transgenic mouse liver cancer models, gene knockout mouse liver cancer models, liver-specific gene knockout mouse liver cancer models, and liver cancer models constructed by high-pressure hydrodynamic transfection, aiming to deeply understand the intrinsic connection between gene editing and the occurrence and development of liver cancer and provide research tools and new ideas for the study of the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of liver cancer.