Abstract: Talaromycosis is an intracellular opportunistic fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei (TM). Different immune states can appear different clinical characteristics after TM infection. Primary or secondary immunodeficiency mechanism is the primitive factor of the host, and the immune escape of TM to the host is the main cause of clinical prognosis. The immune response between the host and the TM has not been completely clear. Therefore, this review summarizes the clinical manifestations and immune mechanisms of talaromycosis.