Abstract: Biomedical research in recent years has revealed a new mechanism by which the brain can effectivelyremove metabolic waste generated by the neural tissue through the glymphatic system. This system efficientlypromotes the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and brain interstitial fluid, which is similar to the peripheral lymphatic system. It plays a role in removing metabolic waste in the brain and is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. An increasing number of studies have found that the function of the glymphatic system is impaired under conditions of various brain diseases, which is likely a key promoting factor in theoccurrence, formulation and development of various brain diseases. Therefore, understanding the role of the glymphatic system and the underlying mechanism in brain diseases is of great significance for developing new targetedtherapeutic strategies.