Abstract: HIV has ravaged the world for more than forty years, causing great pressure on global public health. Today, AIDS is still a medical challenge for global public health. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is the preferred option for AIDS treatment. It has brought well-being to many people living with HIV, and has played a great role in slowing the further spread of HIV. However, with the comprehensive application of this therapy program, HIV-1 drug resistance has also become increasingly prominent. HIV-1 drug resistance is one of the main causes affecting the efficacy of clinical antiviral therapy. Therefore, it is very important to carry out HIV- 1 drug resistance testing, optimize and select antiviral drugs, reduce the occurrence of transmitted resistance, and prevent and control them. HIV-1 resistance testing methods are numerous and various depending on the application scenarios. This paper summarizes many literatures around the world and comprehensively discusses HIV-1 drug resistance testing methods.