湖南省中小学生对常见心理问题表现的知晓现状及其相关因素分析

方媛媛; 彭玮婧; 陈志妍; 赖翀; 刘瑞杰; 张成成; 胡宓

doi:10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2024.08.011

湖南省中小学生对常见心理问题表现的知晓现状及其相关因素分析

Analysis of the current situation of primary and secondary school students' knowledge of the symptoms of common psychological problems and their related factors in Hunan Province

摘要

摘要:
目的了解湖南省中小学生对常见心理问题表现的知晓现状并分析相关因素，为制定心理健康教育策略提供科学依据。
方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方式，在湖南省14个市州抽取154所学校308个班级15 400例中小学学生，采用自编调查问卷表以及90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）、患者健康问卷抑郁分表（PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑量表（GAD-7）和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）对中小学生对常见心理问题表现的知晓情况进行问卷调查。
结果湖南省中小学生对常见心理问题知晓率为34.7%（95% CI：33.9%~35.5%）。学生对心理问题情绪表现的知晓率最高，为51.4%（95% CI：50.5%~52.3%），其次是生理表现，知晓率为29.7%（95% CI：28.9%~30.5%），而对行为表现的知晓率最低，知晓率为27.5%（95% CI：26.7%~28.3%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，女生、城市学生、高中生、有心理问题疾病史、独生子女、父亲文化程度为大专及以上、自评学习成绩为班级排名前25%、学校有心理老师等因素能提高学生对常见心理问题表现知晓率。
结论湖南省中小学生对常见心理问题表现的知晓率有待提升，教育及相关部门应加强对中小学生的心理健康知识教育，提高中小学生对常见心理问题表现的知晓率。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the current situation of primary and secondary school students' knowledge of the symptoms of common psychological problems in Hunan Province and analyze the related factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of mental health education strategies.
Methods A total of 15, 400 primary and secondary school students from 308 classes in 154 schools in 14 cities and states in Hunan Province were sampled by multi- stage stratified cluster random sampling. The self- designed questionnaire, Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to investigate the primary and secondary school students' knowledge of the symptoms of common psychological problems.
Results Overall, the knowledge of the symptoms of common psychological problems among primary and secondary school students in Hunan Province was 34.7% (95% CI: 33.9%-35.5%). Students had the highest knowledge of emotional symptoms of psychological problems, which was 51.4% (95% CI: 50.5%-52.3%), followed by physiological symptoms, with a knowledge of 29.7% (95% CI: 28.9%- 30.5%), and the lowest knowledge of behavioral manifestations was 27.5% (95% CI: 26.7%-28.3%). The results of multi-factorial logistic regression showed that female students, urban students, high school students, history of illnesses with psychological problems, only child, father's education level of college or above, self-rated academic performance in the top 25% of the class, school psychology teachers and other factors could improve students' knowledge of the symptoms of common psychological problems.
Conclusion The knowledge of the symptoms of common psychological problems among primary and secondary school students in Hunan Province needs to be improved. The education and related departments should enhance the mental health education of primary and secondary school students to increase their knowledge of the symptoms of common psychological problems.

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