Abstract: With the progress of society, the development of adverse diseases, and the increase of fertility desire of elderly women, the improvement of female fertility has become an urgent problem to be solved, and also a major challenge in the field of assisted reproduction. It is important to regulate the dormancy and activation of primordial follicles in patients who have difficulty conceiving and need fertility protection. In recent years, great progress has been made in the study of primordial follicle activation. The role of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and Hippo as well as various factors on follicle genesis and development has been gradually discovered, and the techniques for regulating primordial follicle activation in vivo and in vitro have been gradually improved. The application, methods and mechanisms of primordial follicle activation are summarised in this paper.