Abstract: Iron metabolism refers to the dynamic balance of iron metabolism in the body in the aspects of absorption, transport, utilization, loss, circulation, regulation and storage. Iron metabolism plays an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities. Iron deficiency and iron overload may occur when iron metabolism is unbalanced. There is evidence that thrombosis is associated with iron deficiency and iron overload resulting from an imbalance in iron metabolism, but its mechanism of action in venous thrombosis has not been elucidated. This paper describes the relevant mechanisms of iron metabolism absorption, metabolism and regulation, summarizes the effects of iron deficiency, iron overload and other iron homeostasis imbalances on thrombosis, and focuses on its mechanism of action in the process of thrombosis, hoping to provide new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of thrombosis by taking iron metabolism as an entry point.