Abstract: Childhood trauma includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. As an important social and psychological factor affecting obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), childhood trauma can not only directly affect the occurrence and development of OCD, but also indirectly affect OCD through the interactions with biological, genetic, social and psychological factors. This article summarizes the relationship between childhood trauma and OCD in order to understand the internal mechanism between childhood trauma and OCD and provide new ideas for the treatment of OCD.