Abstract: Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease. Iron deficiency is an important cause of renal anemia, and it is an important part of the treatment of renal anemia. Hepcidin, a peptide hormone, is mainly expressed in the liver and participates in the regulation of iron metabolism. The expression of hepcidin is affected by various signaling factors of the body, and the expression of hepcidin can be regulated by activating its signaling pathway. Hepcidin can bind to transferrin on the surface of target cells to degrade and inactivate it, thereby inhibiting iron absorption and release of cells. The serum hepcidin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease are closely related to iron metabolism and inflammation and other factors. Iron load and inflammatory stimulation can increase hepcidin levels, thereby promoting the development of renal anemia. By inhibiting hepcidin production or blocking its expression process, hepcidin will become a therapeutic target for improving renal anemia, and provide a new treatment for renal anemia.