Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of sufentanil on neurological recovery in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) by regulating the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway and the underlying mechanism. Methods: The brain injury model of ICH induced by collagenase was established, and the rats were divided into 4 groups:control group (sham operation treatment, sham group), ICH model induction group(ICH group), ICH + DMSO group(rats were treated with DMSO after ICH model), and ICH+sufentanil group (rats were treated with sufentanil 50 mg/kg.d^-1 after ICH model). Biochemical analysis was used to evaluate nerve severity, brain water content, neuronal degeneration, and neuronal apoptosis. The expression of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory factors were detected. The activity of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results: Compared with the ICH group, the ICH + sufentanil group could reduce nervous system damage, brain water content and apoptosis(P＜0.05), inhibit the levels of malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β and TNF-α) in the brain tissue after ICH, and increase the levels of total superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and anti-inflammatory factors(IL-10)(P＜0.05). Sufentanil could inhibit the activity of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway in the rat brain tissue after ICH. Conclusion: Sufentanil may promote the recovery of neurological function in ICH rats by inhibiting the activity of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.