Abstract: Rectal cancer is a common digestive system tumor in clinic, and its incidence is increasing year by year.At present, surgery has become the preferred method for the treatment of rectal cancer, in which laparoscopic total mesorectal resection(LTME)is the most commonly used surgical method.Indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging is an advanced imaging technology, which has been widely used in various medical fields.In colorectal surgery, ICG can be performed by near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy to make the lesions be identified and described more accurately.It has been widely applied in evaluating blood supply of anastomosis, detecting lymphatic system, detecting liver metastases, protecting ureter and reducing peripheral collateral damage.