Abstract: Objective: To analyze the correlation between serum of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domainlike receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and clinicopathological features of cervical cancer.Methods: A total of 180 patients with cervical cancer admitted to the Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2019 to June 2022 were selected as the study subjects (cervical cancer group), and 180 healthy female volunteers who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum levels of NLRP3, IL-18 and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Cervical HPV-DNA typing was detected by gene amplification and flow-through hybridization.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLRP3, IL-18 as well as IL-1β and their combined detection in cervical cancer.The relationship between NLRP3 and IL-18, IL-1β, HPV infection and clinicopathological features was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.Results: The levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05), while there was no significant difference in IL-18 level between the two groups (P> 0.05).The area under ROC curve (AUC) of NLRP3, IL-18 and IL-1β alone in the diagnosis of cervical cancer were 0.67, 0.57 and 0.62, respectively, all of which were lower than the AUC for the combined detection of the three indicators (0.78).The level of NLRP3 was positively correlated with the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β (r=0.867, r=0.831, both P< 0.001).The levels of NLRP3, IL-18 and IL-1β in HPV-infected patients were higher than those in non-HPV-infected patients (P< 0.05).The higher the clinical stage and differentiation degree of cervical cancer group, the higher the levels of serum NLRP3, IL-18 and IL-1β (all P< 0.05).Conclusion: Serum NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-18 and IL-1β levels may be closely related to HPV infection and the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.This conclusion may provide a new idea for molecular targeted therapy of cervical cancer.