Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of infantile laryngomalacia (ILM).Methods: A total of 76 hospitalized children with ILM diagnosed by bronchoscope in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from December 2013 to January 2021 were collected.Children were divided into mild-moderate group (n=36) and severe group (n=40) according to the severity of ILM; according to the comorbidities, they were divided into the group with synchronous airway lesions (SALs group) (n=40) and the group without SALs (n=36), the group with neuromuscular dysplasia (NMD group) (n=35) and the group without NMD (n=41), the group with congenital heart disease (CHD group) (n=40) and the group without CHD (n=36), the group with congenital syndromes (CS group) (n=23), and the group without CS (n=53).The clinical characteristics of each group were analyzed retrospectively, and the improvement of symptoms after discharge and the postoperative outcome of severe ILM were followed up.Results: Compared with the severe group, the proportion of type ⅡILM in the mild-moderate group was higher (P< 0.05).The improvement rate of failure to thrive (FTT) in the severe group was lower than that in the mild-moderate group half a year after discharge (13.8% vs 53.3%, P< 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant one year after discharge (P> 0.05).The improvement rate of FTT in the group with NMD at one year after discharge was lower than that in the group without NMD (32.0% vs 73.7%, P< 0.05).Among the children with severe ILM, a total of 12 cases had surgery by bronchoscopy, including 6 cases of supraglottoplasty surgery, and 6 cases of laryngopharyngeal/epiglottic mass/cyst resection and the clinical symptoms of postoperative patients from two different surgical approaches were alleviated.Conclusion: Combined NMD has a great impact on the growth and development of ILM children, early and timely intervention of severe ILM can improve clinical symptoms earlier and the choices of surgical approaches should be individualized.