Abstract: Objective:To explore the correlation between the serum level of anti-thyroglobulin antibody(TGAB) and Graves’disease (GD).Methods:The levels of serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TGAB), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAB), TSH receptor antibody (TRAB), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine(FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormone (T4), serum phosphorus (P) and serum calcium (Ca) in 101 patients with GD in this study and the correlation between TGAB and TPOAb, TRAB, FT3, FT4, T3 as well as T4 were first analyzed.Meanwhile, the risk factors affecting serum TGAB levels were analyzed, and the diagnostic efficiency of the above indicators for GD patients was evaluated.And then differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in GD were screened from the GEO database to analyze the correlation between differentially expressed genes and thyroglobulin (TG) levels and their related regulatory miRNAs.Results:The serum levels of TGAB were positively correlated with the levels of TPOAB, TRAB, FT3, FT4, T3 and T4 in GD patients (P< 0.05).The serum levels of TPOAB, TRAB, FT3, FT4, T3 and T4 in patients with high TGAB level were significantly higher than those in patients with normal TGAB level (P< 0.05).T3 and TRAB were the risk factors affecting TGAB levels.The combined diagnostic efficiency of TGAB-TRAB-T3 was the best.The NCF1 level ofdifferentially expressed up-regulated gene was positively correlated with TG level(r=0.5, P< 0.05).Conclusion:The combined detection of serum TGAB-TRAB-T3 significantly improves the diagnostic efficiency of GD, and patients with elevated levels of T3 and TRAB are more likely to experience elevated levels of TGAB.NCF1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of GD, and its level may be regulated by miR-431-5p.